Infosys systems engineer interview questions for technical round :
- Question 1. What is the OSI model and how does it relate to network communication?
- Answer: The OSI model, or Open Systems Interconnection model, is a standard model for networking communication. It defines seven layers, each with specific functions, that work together to transmit data over a network. Understanding the OSI model helps to identify the layer where a communication issue may occur, making it easier to troubleshoot and resolve.
- Question 2. What is the OSI model and what are its 7 layers?
- Answer: The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection and it is a standard model for networking communication. It defines 7 layers that work together to transmit data over a network. The 7 layers, from bottom to top, are Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
- Question 3. What is virtualization and what are its benefits?
- Answer: Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version of something, such as an operating system, server, storage, or network resources. The benefits of virtualization include cost savings through consolidation, easier management and maintenance, improved disaster recovery and business continuity, and increased agility and flexibility.
- Question 4. Can you explain network security and its importance?
- Answer: Network security is the practice of protecting the integrity and confidentiality of data that is transmitted over a network. It is important because it helps prevent unauthorized access, theft, and damage to sensitive information, as well as ensures the availability of critical systems and applications.
- Question 5. Explain different levels of programming languages.
- Answer: Programming languages can be broadly classified into different levels based on the level of abstraction they provide and the complexity of the tasks they can perform. The main levels of programming languages are
- Machine language: The lowest-level language, consisting of binary code that can be directly executed by the computer’s hardware.
- Assembly language: A low-level language that uses symbolic codes to represent machine instructions. It is closer to human-readable than machine language, but still requires a knowledge of the underlying hardware.
- Low-level programming languages: These languages provide a higher level of abstraction than assembly languages, but are still tied to specific hardware architectures. Examples include C and C++.
- High-level programming languages: These languages provide a higher level of abstraction and are not tied to specific hardware architectures. Examples include Java, Python, and JavaScript.
- Scripting languages: A type of high-level programming language used for scripting, or automating simple tasks. Examples include Python and JavaScript.
- Each level of programming language has its own strengths and weaknesses, and the choice of language will depend on the specific requirements of a project, including the desired level of abstraction, performance, and portability.
- Question 6. What are the disadvantages of the Waterfall model?
- Answer: The disadvantages of the waterfall model are:
- Inflexibility: The Waterfall model does not allow for changes in the project scope once development has begun.
- Lack of customer involvement: The customer is only involved at the beginning and end of the project, leading to a lack of customer involvement throughout the development process.
- High risk: If a project requires a lot of uncertainty and there are significant changes in requirements, the Waterfall model may not be suitable.
- Difficulty in testing: Testing is done at the end of the project, which can lead to the discovery of defects late in the development process, making it more difficult and expensive to fix them.
- Answer: Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a systematic and structured approach to software development that outlines the phases involved in creating and maintaining software.
- Requirements gathering and analysis: Collecting and defining requirements for the software project.
- Question 7. What is SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle)?
- Design: Developing a plan for the software, including creating a detailed design and architecture.
- Implementation or Development: Translating the design into code and creating the software.
- Testing: Evaluating the software to ensure it meets the defined requirements and identifying and fixing any defects.
- Deployment: Deploying the software to a production environment.
- Maintenance: Maintaining and updating the software after it has been deployed.
- The objective of the SDLC is to produce a high-quality software product that meets the customer’s needs and expectations within budget and on schedule. Different SDLC models may have different numbers of phases or different names for the phases, but the overall process is similar.
- Question 8. What is your experience with virtualization technologies like VMware or Hyper-V?
- Answer: I have extensive experience with virtualization technologies such as VMware and Hyper-V. I have deployed and managed virtual servers, storage, and networks, and have experience with features such as live migration, snapshots, and high availability.
- Question 9. How do you troubleshoot network connectivity issues?
- Answer: To troubleshoot network connectivity issues, I first gather information such as IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways. I then use tools such as ping and traceroute to verify connectivity and identify any points of failure. I also check switch and router configurations, firewall rules, and physical connections to ensure they are correct. If necessary, I can use packet capture tools like Wireshark to analyze network traffic and further identify the issue.
- Question 10. What is your experience with server hardware, including RAID configurations and network-attached storage?
- Answer: I have a strong understanding of server hardware, including RAID configurations and network-attached storage. I have experience with various types of RAID, such as RAID 0, 1, 5, and 10, and have set up and managed storage solutions using both internal and external disk arrays.
- Question 11. How do you handle security incidents and implement security measures in your networks?
- Answer: To handle security incidents, I follow established incident response procedures and work with the appropriate teams to contain, investigate, and resolve the issue. To implement security measures, I stay up to date with best practices and industry standards, such as NIST and CIS, and implement technical controls such as firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and encryption.
- Question 12. What is DLL and EXE file extension?
- Answer: DLL (Dynamic Link Library) and EXE (Executable) are file formats in the Microsoft Windows operating system.
- DLL files are used for code and data sharing, while EXE files are used for executing specific tasks.
- DLL: A DLL file is a library that contains code and data that can be used by multiple applications at the same time. It acts as a shared resource that can be loaded dynamically by the operating system or by an application when needed. The advantage of using DLL files is that they can be updated or changed without affecting the applications that use them, reducing the need for frequent application updates.
- EXE: An EXE file is an executable file that can be run on a Windows computer. It contains a set of instructions that the operating system can use to perform a specific task, such as launching a program or displaying a message. An EXE file is typically used to install software on a Windows computer. When the EXE file is launched, the operating system reads the instructions and carries out the specified tasks.
- Question 13. What is your understanding of DNS and DHCP?
- Answer: DNS (Domain Name System) is a system that translates domain names into IP addresses. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network.
- I have experience configuring and troubleshooting both DNS and DHCP in a variety of environments.
- Question 14. Can you discuss your experience with cloud computing platforms like AWS or Azure?
- Answer: cloud computing platforms such as AWS and Azure, including deploying and managing virtual machines, storage, and networking. I am familiar with various cloud services, such as EC2, S3, and VPC.
- Question 15. What is your experience with scripting languages such as Python or bash?
- Answer: I have experience with scripting languages such as Python and bash. I use scripts to automate repetitive tasks, monitor systems, and extract data from logs and other sources. I have written scripts to perform tasks such as monitoring system performance, gathering system information, and automating software deployments.
- Question 16. Differentiate between white box and black box testing
- Answer: White box testing and black box testing are two types of software testing methodologies.
- White box testing, also known as clear box or glass box testing, is a method of testing where the tester has complete knowledge of the internal workings of the software being tested. This type of testing focuses on the internal structure of the software and verifies the correctness of individual components. The tester examines the code, logic, and flow of the program to ensure that it meets specifications.
- Black box testing, on the other hand, is a method of testing where the tester has no knowledge of the internal workings of the software. The tester only has access to the inputs and outputs of the system and focuses on verifying that the software behaves as expected from the user’s perspective. This type of testing focuses on functionality, performance, security, and user experience.
- white box testing focuses on the internal structure of the software, while black box testing focuses on the external behavior of the software.
- Question 17. Explain about Agile model.
- Answer: Agile is a project management and software development approach that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction. It was originally introduced as an alternative to traditional, more rigid approaches to software development, such as the waterfall model.
- In an Agile environment, development work is divided into short iterations, called sprints, which typically last from one to four weeks. At the end of each sprint, a potentially shippable product increment is delivered. This allows the customer to continuously receive value and provide feedback to the development team, which can then be incorporated into future sprints.
- The Agile approach values individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and response to change. The Agile framework provides a set of values and principles but leaves room for each team to adapt the approach to best fit their specific needs.
- Question 18. Differentiate between DDL and DML commands in SQL.
- Answer: DDL (Data Definition Language) and DML (Data Manipulation Language) are two categories of SQL commands.
- DDL commands are used to define the structure of a database and its objects, such as tables, views, and indexes. Some common DDL commands in SQL include:
- CREATE: used to create new objects in the database, such as tables, views, and indexes.
- ALTER: used to modify the structure of existing objects in the database.
- DROP: used to delete objects from the database.
- TRUNCATE: used to remove all data from a table, but keep its structure intact.
- DML commands, on the other hand, are used to manipulate data stored in a database. Some common DML commands in SQL include:
- SELECT: used to retrieve data from one or more tables in the database.
- INSERT: used to insert data into a table in the database.
- UPDATE: used to modify existing data in a table.
- DELETE: used to delete data from a table.
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